Colorectal cancer causes have long been a topic of medical research because of the global rise in this condition. More than 1.9 million people worldwide were newly diagnosed in 2020, making it one of the top three cancers globally. In India, colorectal cancer is steadily increasing, highlighting the urgent need for awareness, lifestyle changes, and early medical guidance. According to Dr Mathangi, one of Bangalore’s leading radiation oncologists, timely detection and understanding the risk factors can make all the difference between prevention and late-stage management.
Colon cancer, which is a part of the broader term colorectal cancer, begins in the lining of the large intestine. It usually starts as small, noncancerous growths known as polyps. Over time, some of these polyps can turn malignant. The transformation doesn’t happen overnight—it’s a gradual process influenced by multiple biological, environmental, and lifestyle factors. The good news is that early detection of polyps can prevent the disease from developing entirely.
Several elements can increase a person’s chance of developing colorectal cancer. These include genetic predisposition, age, environmental exposure, dietary habits, and certain chronic conditions. Let’s explore these factors in depth to understand why they matter and what you can do about them.
While colorectal cancer can affect younger adults, the likelihood of developing it increases sharply after the age of 50. The aging process naturally brings about genetic mutations and slower cellular repair, which together create a favorable environment for abnormal growths. However, rising cases in people below 45 emphasize the importance of vigilance and early screening regardless of age.
A strong family history of colorectal or related cancers can significantly heighten risk. Having a first-degree relative with colon or rectal cancer nearly doubles one’s chance of developing the disease. In families with hereditary syndromes like Lynch Syndrome or Familial Adenomatous Polyposis, the risk is even higher. Dr Mathangi emphasizes that genetic counseling and early screening can dramatically improve survival rates for those with such family backgrounds.
Most colorectal cancers begin as polyps. These small, benign clumps of cells on the intestinal wall may initially cause no symptoms, but some can evolve into cancer over several years. People who have had adenomatous or villous polyps before are at a particularly higher risk. Regular colonoscopies help identify and remove these polyps before they become a serious concern.
Chronic inflammation of the colon, especially due to conditions like ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease, greatly increases cancer risk. Prolonged inflammation damages the cells lining the intestine, making them more susceptible to mutations. Dr Mathangi advises long-term monitoring and targeted therapy for patients with such conditions to minimize the threat of malignancy.
Unhealthy diet and lifestyle choices are among the most modifiable risk factors. Diets high in red and processed meats, and low in fiber, fruits, and vegetables have been consistently linked to colorectal cancer. A sedentary lifestyle and obesity further compound the risk. On the positive side, even modest improvements—like incorporating whole grains, leafy greens, and regular physical activity—can significantly lower one’s chances.
Both smoking and alcohol contribute to the development of colorectal cancer. Tobacco smoke introduces carcinogenic chemicals that damage DNA, while excessive alcohol consumption increases oxidative stress and impairs cell repair mechanisms. Long-term smokers and heavy drinkers are at notably higher risk, but the silver lining is that quitting smoking and moderating alcohol can steadily reduce this risk over time.
It’s rare for colorectal cancer to arise from one isolated cause. Most cases involve a combination of genetic vulnerability, environmental exposure, and lifestyle triggers. For example, an individual with a family history who also smokes, consumes alcohol frequently, and leads a sedentary life is significantly more prone to develop malignancy than someone with only one of these risk factors. This multifactorial interaction underscores why prevention must be holistic—addressing all possible aspects rather than one alone.
Dr Mathangi recommends early screening for individuals who fall under the following categories:
Routine colonoscopy, fecal occult blood testing, and imaging can detect early changes long before symptoms become evident. Early-stage detection often means simpler, less invasive treatment, with survival rates exceeding 90% in some cases.
In India, where awareness and preventive screening are still evolving, having access to a specialist with international training and extensive experience can be life-changing. Dr Mathangi, Senior Consultant and In-Charge of Radiation Oncology at Gleneagles Cancer Institute, Bangalore, brings over 20 years of expertise and more than 12,000 successfully treated patients. Her advanced training in precision therapies such as Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT), Gated RapidArc, and Interstitial Brachytherapy ensures that every patient receives world-class, individualized treatment.
Under her leadership, patients benefit not only from cutting-edge technology but also from comprehensive care that addresses emotional and physical aspects of cancer recovery. She has pioneered several advanced treatment modalities, including the installation of Asia Pacific’s first TrueBeam STx system for ultra-precise radiation delivery. Patients at her center receive personalized guidance on managing diet and lifestyle, minimizing long-term risks, and navigating treatment with confidence.
Many people mistakenly believe colorectal cancer is a disease of the elderly or that symptoms such as blood in stool or abdominal pain can be ignored until severe. Unfortunately, these misconceptions often delay diagnosis. Early cancers are frequently asymptomatic, which is why proactive screening remains crucial even for those who “feel fine.” Dr Mathangi encourages individuals not to wait for warning signs but to take preventive health seriously.
While no prevention strategy can eliminate risk completely, lifestyle modification and regular check-ups can significantly lower incidence rates. Maintaining a balanced diet, staying active, limiting processed foods, and avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol are practical first steps. For those with a family history or existing bowel conditions, a personalized prevention plan designed by a specialist like Dr Mathangi can provide long-term protection.
Every year counts when it comes to early detection. Colorectal cancer typically develops slowly, which means timely intervention can stop its progression before it turns life-threatening. Don’t wait for symptoms or assume youth offers protection—modern trends show rising cases even in younger adults. A single consultation with Dr Mathangi could help you understand your personal risk profile and take preventive measures early.
If you or someone you know falls into a higher-risk category, it’s time to act decisively. You can book a consultation with Dr Mathangi by visiting https://drmathangi.com/contact/. Simply fill in your contact details, and her team will schedule your appointment promptly. It’s a small step today that could protect your health and peace of mind for years to come.
Dr Mathangi J is a Senior Consultant and Head of the Radiation Oncology Department at Gleneagles Cancer Institute, Bangalore. She holds degrees in MBBS, DMRT, and DNB, and has trained internationally in advanced radiation techniques such as SBRT, IGRT, and IORT. With over 12,000 patients treated successfully, she specializes in cancers of the head and neck, brain, lung, breast, cervix, rectum, prostate, and others requiring radiotherapy. Her clinical acumen, patient-centered approach, and pioneering work make her one of India’s most trusted names in oncology.
At Gleneagles Cancer Institute, Dr Mathangi and her multidisciplinary team combine innovation with compassion to deliver world-class care. When it comes to managing or preventing colorectal cancer, choosing a specialist who leads with both experience and empathy ensures not just treatment—but transformation.
These FAQs distill the essentials on causes, risks, and next steps, based on the clinical practice of Dr. Mathangi J, Senior Consultant & In-charge – Radiation Oncology, Gleneagles Cancer Institute, Bangalore. For a personalized plan or screening schedule, book via drmathangi.com/contact/.
