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Lymphoma Cancer 

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Lymph nodes in our body, identified by red dots.

What is lymphoma cancer?

Our lymphatic system is composed of organs, tissues, and vessels and functions in maintaining immunity and the circulatory process. Cancer that affects this system is called lymphoma, since it is spread throughout our body lymphoma can affect many parts of our body.

Common Types of Lymphoma 

The main types of lymphoma are categorized into two:
Hodgkin's lymphoma: Associated with the presence of multinucleated Reed–Sternberg cells (RS cells) in lymph nodes of patients with this type of cancer, this cancer is caused by certain types of white blood cells called lymphocytes.
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: This type of cancer begins in white blood cells called lymphocytes. NHL is an umbrella term that covers many types of lymphoma that all share some of the same characteristics.
Adenocarcinoma and small cell, B-cell lymphoma

Root Cause ( if any)

It is not possible to pinpoint the underlying reasons why a Lymphoma is caused but there are always some risk factors associated with them. 
Age: Lymphoma can be more common among young adults than older adults. It is also observed that older patients over the age of 55 are also prone to this type of cancer.
Gender: Statistics teach us that men are way likelier than women to develop lymphoma.
Impaired Immunity: Immune suppressing drugs like steroids often suppress our immune system. It is an observed fact that a compromised immunity also factors in rising cases of lymphoma. 
Being susceptible to selected infections: The Epstein-Barr virus and Helicobacter pylori are two of the infections associated with a higher potential risk of lymphoma.

Diagnosis

Using Imaging: CT scan, PET scan, and MRI scan are used based on the need for seeing lymphoma in all areas of your body.

Testing bone marrow sample: The biopsy of the bone marrow is an intricate yet simple procedure, it involves inserting a needle inside the hip bone and aspirating a sample of the bone marrow inside. After aspiration, the sample is observed under the microscope for the presence of cancer cells.

Physical Examination: There are some physical precursors like swollen lymph nodes. We check the patient’s underarms, groin, and neck region. Additionally, we also check lymphatic organs like the spleen and or liver for swelling.

Treatment options (special focus on radiation therapy)

Chemotherapy: Using chemicals to destroy cancer cells. The treatment of some sarcomas with chemotherapy is known to be very effective. It is done by administering drugs through a vein or can be taken orally as a pill.
Radiation therapy: It involves bombarding cancer cells with high-energy beams, such as X-rays or protons. Types:
1. External beam radiation: This may be delivered by an energy beam directed by a machine as it travels around your body.
2. Brachytherapy: During this procedure, radiation might be temporarily injected into the body.
3. Intraoperative Radiation: Radiation beams that can be administered during cancer surgery.
Bone marrow transplant: This procedure involves suppressing the action of cancer cells in your bone marrow through high doses of chemotherapy and radiation, it is also termed as stem cell transplant as you are killing cancer affected bone marrow.

After, healthy marrow is transplanted to your body from a non-cancer affected marrow from your own body or from a donor. A healthy bone marrow stem cell recruits bone forming cells to rebuild your bone marrow and aids us in recovery from cancer.

Side effects, Pre-treatment & Post-treatment steps ( if any)

Symptoms:
Inflammation of lymph nodes in your neck, armpits, or groin without discomfort
Feeling tired all the time
Fever
Breathlessness
Night sweats
Unexplained loss of weight
Skin that is itchy
Side effects of treatment:
Anaemia
Low white blood cells(Neutropenia)
Low platelet count(Thrombocytopenia)
Infection risk
Nausea
Vomiting sensation
Having bowel issues
Mental fog/ lowered cognitive ability due to ‘chemo brain’
Weakness

Dr. Mathangi

Cervical Cancer Surgeon

Dr. Mathangi

Breast Cancer Surgeon in Bangalore
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Frequently Asked Questions

No, each patient's prognosis depends on the type, severity, and timing of their diagnosis. If detected early, some types of lymphomas can be very effectively treated.

Specific types of lymphoma like the Central Nervous System lymphoma affect our cognitive recall and results in loss of memory and impaired cognitive functioning. It can also affect a patient’s personality and behavioural traits.

Lymphoma in itself is not painful but in certain cases, it can be painful. When swollen lymph nodes press on the tissues surrounding the bone, it can be painful. The position of lymphoma cancer is key to the reception of pain.

Yes, It causes an appetite loss and a feeling of fullness after consuming small amounts of food. Based on where the lymphoma is located it can cause certain symptoms like pain in the abdomen, dizziness, or a tendency to vomit.

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